Hip Arthritis: Treatment Options

Hip Arthritis: Treatment Options

This video will review the treatment options for hip arthritis. The hip is covered in cartilage that allows the ball and socket joint to move smoothly. As this cartilage wears down to the bone, the bones can rub against each other, leading to pain and stiffness. This damage does not heal on its own, and symptoms may worsen over time without treatment.

Treatment usually begins with nonsurgical options aimed at reducing pain and improving hip function. Activity modification involves adjusting daily activities to reduce stress on the hip joint. This could look like switching from running to swimming or biking, or using a cane or walker for support. Patients are encouraged to stay active within their comfort level.

Physical therapy focuses on stretching and strengthening exercises to support healthy motion of the hip and reduce stiffness. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen or naproxen can reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Steroid injections may provide temporary pain relief, although the duration of relief varies from patient to patient. While these treatments can help manage symptoms, they will not restore the damaged cartilage.

If symptoms continue despite nonsurgical treatment, surgical options may be considered. There are several types of surgery for hip arthritis, and after a thorough discussion, the surgeon will select the best one based on the severity of arthritis and the patient's specific goals. Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to smooth out any rough bone caused by arthritis that limits motion. Addressing the side effects of arthritis may provide temporary pain relief for early stages, but arthroscopy is not an effective treatment for advanced arthritis.

Hip replacement, or total hip arthroplasty, is the most effective treatment option for advanced hip arthritis. In this procedure, the damaged joint surfaces are removed and replaced with artificial components. The socket is replaced with a cup, and the ball is replaced with a metal stem with a ball attached.

These implants may be made from a combination of metal, ceramic, and plastic. When choosing the best implant for the patient, the surgeon will consider a variety of factors, including age, severity of arthritis, bone quality, body weight, and overall health. Additionally, some surgeons use robotic-assisted technology for the procedure. Before surgery, the patient's x-rays are used to create a personalized surgical plan. During surgery, the robotic system helps the surgeon place the implants according to that plan.

A hip replacement surgery is completed through a single incision, which the surgeon may choose to make at the front, side or back of the hip. At the completion of the surgery, the incision will be closed with the surgeon's preferred method, and a bandage will be applied to protect the incision. Some advanced dressings supply a small electric current to create a healing environment and reduce bacterial growth. It is important to follow incision care instructions to maintain healing and reduce the risk of infection.

After surgery, the patient will begin a structured rehabilitation plan. Pain medications may be prescribed, and assistive devices such as a walker may be needed temporarily until the patient can walk without significant pain. Gentle exercises will be recommended early to prevent stiffness in the hip joint, followed by physical therapy to regain strength and function. Recovery time varies between patients, so it is important to follow instructions and attend follow up visits.

In summary, hip arthritis does not heal on its own. Nonsurgical treatments can help relieve symptoms but will not fix the damaged cartilage. When symptoms become severe, surgical options may be considered. Total hip replacement is the most effective way to relieve pain and restore function.